Aib-dbiveet implement



A. c. GRESS LE AND R. E. ASBURY.

' AIR DRIVEN IMPLEMENT. APPLICATION LFILEI; IIbvng s, 1918. 1,822,107, Patented Nov. 18, 1919.

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AIR DRIVEN IMPLEMENT.

APPLICATION FILED NQV- 23, I918.

Patented Nov. 18, 1919.

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AIR DRIVEN IMPLEMENT. APPLICATION FILED NOV23, 191B.

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AIR DRIVEN IMPLEMENT. A'IPPLICATIQN FILED NOV-23, I918.

Patented Nov. 18, 1919 Wm-inn:

ALBERT CARLOS GRESSLE AND RALPH E. ASBURY, 033 HAMILTON, OHIO.

AIR-DRIVEN IMPLEMEIQ' '1.

naeaioa Specification of Letters Patent.

' Patented Nov. 18, 1919.

Application filed November 523, 1918. Serial No. 263,892.

To all whom it may concern.

Be it known that we, rxnenn'r CARLOS Gnnssnn and RALPH E. AsBURY, citizens of the United States, residing at Hamilton, in the county of Butler and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Air-Driven Implements, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to rotary drills, grinding machines, or like implements, and particularly to pneumatically operated dc vices of this character wherein the shaft of the rotary drill or the shaft carrying the grinding wheel or other like part is rotated by a fluid pressure. The general object of this invention is'to provide a very simple, compact, and durable mechanism of this character sufficiently light so that-the drill or other implement may be supported by the hands of the operator in the same manner as a pneumatic riveter is supported, and. which shall be so constructed as-to secure a high speedpower and efficiency, and which shall be relatively vibratio'nless in operation. A further object is to provide a mecha-' nism ofthis character in which the shaft of the drill, if the mechanism is. used for running a drill, is driven by means'of a rotor mounted within the casing of the mechanism, the rotor being driven by air pressure and very readily controlled by a thumboperated valve. Other objects will appear in the course of the following description. Our invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein Figure 1 is a side elevation of an air operated drill constructed in accordance with our invention -Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional View thereof; I

Fig. 3 is a top plan view of the construction illustrated in Fig. 2; a

Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectiontakenin a plane at right angles to the plane of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a section, on the li11e 5 -'5 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 6 is a section on the line 66 "of Fig.2; 1 4

Fig. 7 is a section on theline 'Z-7 of Fig. 2; and f Fig. 8 is a fragmentary rear elevation of the head 12 showing the control stemactuating means.

Referring to these drawings, it I will be seen that the drill body'consists of an ex terior rectangular casing 10 which. has an elliptical bore or chamber 11 formed therein, this chamber 11 extending the full length of the body 10., At one end the chamber '11 is sectionof the body and the, head plate 13 is of like form, screws 15 being used to hold the head 14 and the plate 13 to'tlie end of the body or cylinder 10 and to hold the head 12 against the end of the body 10. The particular construction of the heads12 andl i will be hereinafter stated.

Disposed within the cylinder orbody 10 and rotating thereinis a rotor 16. This is circular'in cross section and has a diameter- 7 .closed by means of a head 12, and at its v equal to the minor axis of the" elliptical chamber 11. This rotor is provided on its V periphery with a plurality of longitudinally extending, radially disposed grooves 17 wherein are disposed the blades 18, the

blades 18 having length equal to the length of. the rotor and a depth equal to'the depth of the groove 17, and springs 18' disposed in recesses in the blades and bearing against the bottoms of the grooves urge the blades outwardly against the inner surface of the body 10. These blades,. as illustrated in Fig. 5, have their outer corners beveled as at 19, the extremity of the blades being slightly rounded so as to bear smoothly againstthe Wall of the chamber 11. We have illustrated three' of these blades 18,

but it will be understood that we do not being in the form'of slots, and these slots or ports 21 registerwith slots or ports 22 in the rotor which extend outwardly to the periph; cry of the rotor and open upon the'periphcry of the rotor 'each rearwardly of the corresponding blade 18. It is to be understood that thesleeve 2O constitutes part of the rotor and rotates therewithfand that by means of the ports22 fluid pressure is delivcred behind the blades 18 which constitute,

of "course, pistons ofia' rotary engine. It will be noted that when a blade is disposed parallel to the m nor axis of the elliptical chamber 11, the blade will be forced fully into the rotor, and when the blade 1s disposed parallel to the major axis, the blade will be forced fully out, and that the points at in Fig. 5 constitute abutments which with the rotor divide the chambei ll into two parts or sections, and that during a sweep of a blade through either one of these sections fluid under pressure is admitted behind the blade and the blade positively driven forward by the fluid pressure.

Preferably the rotor is bored out at a plurality of points, as at23, and disposed in these bores are the coil springs 24 hearing against pads or wipers 2 5 which are composed of felt or other suitable .absorbent material, and which act to keep the ends of the rotor lubricated.

The rotor rotates upon a fixed valve desig nated generally 26. The body of this valve is disposed within the sleeve 20. At one end the body 26 is reduced to form a spindle 27, and at its opposite end it is reduced to form a relatively longer spindle 28. The interior of the valve body is'hollow as at 29 and the spindle 27 is formed with a bore 30 which communicates with the hollow interior 29 of the valve. The bore of the spindle 27 is tapered for a purpose which will be later stated. The face of the valve body is cut away on a plane tangential to the circumference of the body as, at 31, and a plurality of ports 32, as for instance three ports extend radially from the hollow interior 29 to the outer face of this cut away portion 31. Rotatably mounted within the tapered bore 30 is a tapered control stem 34 as illustrated most clearly in Fig. 2 which has a reduced extremity to form a shoulder 35v and which has a longitudinally extending bore opening into the hollow interior 29 of the valve.

The outer face of the spindle 27 is cut away in a plane tangential to the spindle as at 36 and a plurality of bores 37 extend through the stem 34 and the spindle 27. 1 It will be obvious now that when the stem 34 is rotated relative to the valve, passage through the ports 37 will be stopped, but when the control stem is rotated to cause the registration of the ports 37 that motive fluid may pass through these ports 37 into the chamber 29 or hollow interior of the valve 26 and out through the ports 33 behind theseveral blades 18.-

The head 12, which is the rear head as inder or casing 10 and is held thereto by screws, and this head is formed to provide the rearwardly projecting handle 38 of such shape that the operator may readily grasp the handle to hold and manipulate the drill. The central portion of the headis provided with a relatively thick hub 39 bored for the passage of the stem 27 and extending through the Wall of this bore is a duct 40- closed at one end by means of a plug 41 and intersecting this duct a second duct 42 which at its outer end is adapted for the reception of an air inlet nipple 43,'this nipple being disposed at the junction of the handle with the head. This nipple is adapted tobe connected by any suitable coupling to a pipe delivering air or other fluid under pressure.

For the purpose of forcing the tapered control stem 34 into the tapered bore 30 while permitting a rotation of the stem in order to control the inlet of motive fluid to the rotor, we provide the stem spring 44 which bears against the shoulder 35 of the stem 34 and which is supported by the screw 45. In order to provide means for manually rotating thestem 34 to cut oif the supply of motive fluid to the rotor we mount upon the reduced extremity of the stem 34 the control key 46 which is formed to provide a knurled flange 47 upon which the thumb of the operator may be pressed, this controlkey being held in place by means of a screw 48 extending through the control key and having a screw-threaded engagement with the bore of the stem 34. The control key on its inner face. is formed with oppositely disposed teeth 49 and the extremity of the stem 34 is notched to recei ethese teeth 49; thus when the key 46 is rocked, the stem 34 will 'be rocked. A spring 50 urges the key in a direction to cause the stem 34 to cut oif the supply of motive fluid to the rotor, and this spring is coiled to loosely surround the stem 34 and one end of the spring engages the screw 45, while the opposite end of the spring engages over the thumb piece. It will be seen that the screw 45 forms a stop limiting the movement of the control key to a position where the ports 37 in the stem and the spindle 27 will register. The'spindle valve 26 is held from rotation by means of a set screw 51 extending through the center .hub of the head 12 and engaging the spindle valve. It will be seen from Fig. 5 that the casing or body 10 is provided at opposite sides of the casing with exhaust ports The head 14 faces against the head plate 13 and is held to the body by screws 15 passing through the head plate. As seen in Fig. 4 the head 14 is formed to accommodate a gear wheel 53 surrounding the stem 28 and rotating thereon; this gear wheel being disposed beyond the end of the rotor but hav ing a hub 54 which has a driving fit within the sleeve 20 so as to rotate with the sleeve and with the rotor. One corner of the head 14 is formed with an outwardly projecting bearing 55 Within which is disposed 'the shaft 56 of a pinion 57 which is engaged by and intermeshes with the gear wheel 53. This shaft 56 extends beyond the bearing 55 and, if the device is to be used as a drill, is provided With any usual or suitable chuck 58 adapted to receive and clamp on the shanks of different kinds ofdrills. We have I illustrated a chuck such as is used on a'brace mitted to the interior 29 0f the valve 26 through thei'ports' 87, The air passes out into a position behind the blades 18 and in the usual manner acts to rotate therotor in the direction of the arrow Fig. 5.

i as a blade 18 has passed the exhaust ports 52.

' ily the air behind that particular blade will exhaust and at this time of course, the access of air through the space behind the blade is cut offby the passageof the corresponding port 22' beyond the cut away per-1,

tion 31 of the -valve 26. When a blade has;

passed the point :0 however, its port 22 again passes the opposite cut away portion 81 of. the spindle valve 26, and air once more passes into the rotor behind the blade. Air or other motive fluid is thus admitted behind each blade twice for each rotation of the rotor and the air is twice exhausted from behind each blade. So long as thethumb piece or control key 46 is depressed, the air or other motive fluid will pass to the rotor, but if this control key be released, the spring 50 will cause the stem 34 to turn thus cutting off communication between the port or duct 40 and the interior of the stem 84-. It will thus be seen that the operation of the drill can be very delicately controlled, and '7 that no air is used except when the machine is in actual use.

lVhile we have illustrated a drill chuck as mounted upon the shaft 56, it will be understood that a grinding wheel might also be mounted on this shaft, This will necessitate certain nodilications in the gearing, but this will be obvious to anyone skilled in the art. It is obvious, therefore, that we do not wish to be limited to the use of this device as" means for driving a drill, as it might be used for driving reainers, grinders, and many other different implements.

lt will be noted from the drawings'that the mechanism ofthe drill is readily accessible by reason of the tact that the drill may be readthat even it the drill is F grabbed there will i be no breakage of the drill, as the grab of the drill will simply act to stall the rotor.

Inasmuch, as the drill is operated by a rotary motor, it is obvious that there will be practically no vibration and that the drill is so formed that it is particularly adaptable for use on 'work in difficult positionswhere to this.

As soon disassembled, and further, it will be noted the use of an ordinary drill is practically impossible.

We have shown in Figsxl and 5 a deflecytor 61 over the exhaust ports, this deflector beingin the form of a plate which is attached by screws or other means to the body 10, the deflector plate being punched date these tongues. We have illustrated ball bearings 64 between the sleeve 20 and the spindle 26, but we do not wish to be limited Neither do we wish to be limited to the use of a motor, the blades or which are retractedby coming in contact with the eccentric wall of the casing, nor in which the blades are urged outward by springs, as

other means might be used for retracting or projectin the blades than those shown.

- We claim scribed including a body forming a rotor casing and closed at its opposite ends, a fixed, hollow valve'extending into the casing and forming a shaft, the rotor having a length equal to that of the casing and rotat ing on the shaft and having radially extending blades, the rotor being formed with blades, means for discharging motive fluid into the casing behind said blades, the side wall of the casing being formed with exhaust ports, the outer face of the casing be- '-:ing recessed, the exhaust ports opening into said recessed portion, and a plate having.

tongues extending over the recess and forming a muiiler.

3; An implement of 1. An implement of the character dc-- the character described including a hollow member having ports, the hollow member being open atone end, and means for controlling the passage of fluid under pressure to the interior of said hollow member including" a hollow stem extendin into and having rotative engagement with the member having an inlet port at one end, a finger piece attached to said stem to cause its rotation, a casing having an inlet duct connected to a source of motive fluid, the stem having a port adapted to registerwith the inlet duct when the stem register as the rotor rotates,

is in one position, and resilient means urging the stem into a position where its port is outof register with the duct.

a. An implement of the character described, including a body forming a rotor casing, and closed at its opposite ends, a fixed hollow valve extending into the casing and forming a shaft, a rotor. within the casing and rotating on the shai'tand having radially extending blades, the rotor being formed with ports discharging behind the blade, and the valve having blades with which the ports on the rotor successively the casing having exhaust ports, and manually controlled means for controlling the passage of fluid under pressure to theinterior of the fixed valve, said means including a hollow stem extendinginto and having rotative engagement with the fixed valve inlet port at one end, a finger piece attached to said stem to cause itsrotation, a casing having an inlet duct connected to a source of motive fluid, the stem having a port adapted to register with the inlet duct when thestem is in one position.

5. An implement of the character described, including a hollow body forming a rotor casing, the interior of the body be ing formed to provide an elliptical chamber, and the body having diagonally disposed exhaust ports midway between the major and minor axes of the chamber, a rotor mounted within the chamber and having a diameter equal to its minor axis, a fixed hollow shaft extending into the chamber and upon which the rotor rotates, the shaft having discharge ports, outwardly urged blades mounted on the rotor, the rotor having ports,

discharging behind the blades and adapted to successively register with the ports in said valve, a hollow control stem disposed within the hollow fixed shaft and discharging thereinto and having a laterally directed port in its outer end, the head of the casing having a duct communicating with a source of motive fluld and with the port in said stem when the stem is in one position, resilient means urging the port in the stem out of register with the duct in the head, manually operable means for rotating the stem to carry the duct and port into register, a handle mounted upon the body, a rotatable tool mounted 011 the body at one scribed,

and 'having an urging the control stem to a .end thereof, and means for transmitting power from the rotor 'to said tool-engaging member.

6. In an implement of the character described, a body forming a rotor casing, a

rotor therein having longitudinally extending passages,'springs disposed in said passages, and oil absorbent pads in said passages and urged outward against the walls of the casing by said springs.

An implement of the character deincluding a rectangular body formed to provide an elliptical chamber, heads engaged with opposite ends of the body, one of said heads having a handle, the opposite headbeing formed to provide a gear'case, and a longitudinally extending bearing, a tubular valve extending into the body and held from rotation, the valve at the end adjacent the handle being formed with an inlet port, the middle portion of the valve being enlarged and cut away at opposite points of its diameter and formed with inlet. ports, a rotor mounted for rotation upon said valve and having radially urged blades engaging the wall of the elliptical chamber, a rotor having inlet ports discharging behind each of said blades and adapted as the rotor rotates to successively register with the cut away portions of the Valve, a 'gear wheel operativiely engaged with one end of the rotor, and a shaft disposed in the bearing of said head and having a gear wheel disposed within the head and engaged by the gear wheel 011 the rotor, a tapered hollow control stem extending into the opposite end of the valve and discharging into the interior thereof and having inlet ports, the head supporting the handle having an inlet duct with which the said ports are adapted to register, a spring position with its ports out of register with the duct, and a control key mounted on the stem whereby the stem may be rotated into operative position against the force of said spring.

In testimony whereof we hereunto affix our signatures in the presence of two witnesses.

ALBERT CARLOS GRESSLE. RALPH E. AS'BUR-Y. Witnesses:

ETHEL KIMBROUGH, CHARLES STENGEL. 

